3.+16-17th+century+London+and+society

Team 3:
= = =** 3. 16-17th century London and its society ** =

= 3.1. How people lived at that time = By the 14th century London was one of the world’s largest cities. Its streets were alive with activity. Noble knights jostled with jesters, jugglers, beggars and traders. In those times there weren’t doctors at the hospitals; monks treat the sick using lotions and herbs.

 From left to right: Noble Knights, Jesters, Jugglers, Beggars.

The shops were alive with crafts. There were all type of jobs, such shoe makers, barrel makers and blacksmiths. There was costume that young people learn new jobs inside the houses like apprentices. One example of this was inside the baker’s, that young apprentices learn how to make bread. And important house were the wealthy merchant’s it was curious that for the people who entered inside have roast squirrel, hedgehogs and swan’s brains for eat. From left to right: Shoemakers, Barrel makers, Blacksmiths.

Religion was very important. There were over 100 churches in London, but the biggest was St. Paul’s. Pilgrims came to the church to pray for God’s help in their lives. Some other prays for their crops to grow. Others were sick and wanted to be cured. Inside the churches lived the choirboys and of course they sing as well. Not many people could read, so they learn about Bible from plays acted outside the church. The monasteries were where monks work and pray their beehives. St Paul's Cathedral

** Video 1 : St Paul's Cathedral Choirboys; For the Beauty of the Earth **
media type="youtube" key="Zt7qouEwtyY" height="390" width="480" ** St Paul's Cathedral; For the beauty of the earth **

In those times streets were narrow and the houses were made of wood. It was usual that people threw their dirty water through the windows, so they had to take care when they were walking through the street. The streets were packed with shops and stalls. There you could see poor people begging for money, children playing football or playing with a dice, a fire juggler, the city was defended with the old Roman wall. The river was vital for London because it provided food, carries away waste, and brings traders to the city. By the end of the 16th century, London’s population had increase and the old Roman wall disappeared, the houses were packed tightly into streets, beside rowdy taverns and huge open-air houses.



====The Bubonic plague, also known as The Black Death, was a contagious, often fatal epidemic disease caused by the bacterium, Yersinia pestis. It seems the plague was brought there the first time in 1348 from ships arriving from Asia. ==== ==== ==== (Bacteriu Yestinia Pestis and map of the spreading of the plague)
 * 3.2 The plague **

====It was transmit from person to person or by the bite of fleas from an infected host, especially a rat, and characterized by chills, high fevers, blood vomiting, diarrhea, and the formation of buboes. Blood vessels broke and caused internal bleeding. The dried blood under the skin turned black, so that’s why people called it "The Black Death". The speed of the disease, the terrible pain, the appearance of the victims, all served to make the plague especially terrifying. It caused over 11,000 deaths in 1593! ====

(People dying from the plague)
 * IN LONDON…**

There were no hospitals, neither doctors, so nuns and monks had to cure ill people using natural lotions and herbs. Hygiene, infection, and disease were a great disaster to all during the Middle Ages and all the measures taken, ineffective. Little could be done to cure diseases because no one really knew what caused them. There were many wrong ideas: Some people blamed the stars when they became ill, some thought drunkenness was the cause, some other said it was England's cold, damp climate. During this time of the diseases Jews were accused of poisoning wells. It was not until the next century that scientists could see what caused the disease and how it was spread. Doctors and city officials knew the plague was highly contagious, but had no idea how it was spread. They knew the bodies of the dead should be burnt and that their houses should be quarantined. Additional measures taken were to flush the water into the streets after 8:00 P.M. and to burn any clothing from dead people. Elizabethan government was insufficiently organized to carry out with success so the authorities were forced to sit and wait until the plague had run its course.

(People that left the city during this period of diseases and death)

**SHAKESPEARE**
==== In London, Shakespeare began to make a name for himself as a playwriting, because in March 1592 one of his plays, Henry V, was performed more than five times. Shakespeare was associated with many different theatre companies at the time. During this time, the puritans took advantage of the disease to close the theatres from 1592 to 1594. With the theatres closed, Shakespeare went to Stratford to develop his artistic talent as a poet. He won a reputation in the world of non-dramatic poetry with the publication of //Venus and Adonis// (April 1593) and //Lucrece// (May 1594). When the theatres re-opened, he is remembered for being part of a very important company under the patronage of Queen Elizabeth’s Lord Chamberlian. They performed at a playhouse called //The theatre//, in which he had a good pay. ====

(Lord Chamberlain's Men) =** 3.3 The Globe's fire ** =

On 29 June 1613 the Globe Theatre went up in flames during a performance of //Henry the Eighth//. A theatrical cannon, set off during the performance, failed igniting the wooden beams and straw. According to one of the few surviving documents of the event, no one was hurt except a man whose burning trousers were put out with a beer. The building was destroyed in just one hour! It was rebuilt in the following year. But it was pulled down in 1644 to make houses. Nowadays The Globe is 200 m further than the old theatre in 1613, and its design and materials are very close to the original model. The beems are green and the cast is just from Elisaethan era.

=** 3.4 The Great Fire ** =

In the 17th century in England, as we have said before, people built houses out of wood and those houses were close together. They had small windows and they were often dark, so people used to burn candles all the time. They also used to cook on open fires. This horrible fire started with an error made by Thomas Farynor, Charles II‘s baker. ==== ==== ==== ==== Charles II of England

He left a small fire burning in his oven. On Sunday the 2nd September 1666, a fire began in the baker’s house in Pudding Lane. A strong wind was blowing. The fire spread quickly burning down more than 300 houses during the night. People were running, pulling carts with their possessions. This disaster persists during five days. Some people thought the fire was a punishment from God. As there weren’t firemen in London, more than 80% of London was destroyed.



=3.5 After the Great Fire =

After this disaster no buildings survived intact above ground, though churches of stone, and especially their towers, were only partly destroyed. In many places the ground was too hot to walk on for several days afterwards. At least 65,000 people had been made homeless. <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 22px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 22px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">(Here you can see the great devastation of the fire)

Efforts to create a city with fine new public buildings and spaces did not go much further because so many interests were involved and the City wanted to get back on its feet quickly. At the end of 1670, 6000 houses had been built. By 1676 all the area of the Fire had been rebuilt with the exception of some of the sites of parish churches.

<span style="font-size: 1.066em; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;"> (New brick buildings)
Overall, there were fewer houses (some say a reduction of 20%). The courtyard houses were restricted to four storeys in height whereas before the Fire they were sometimes six. All houses had to be constructed of brick, and the external walls were to be of differing thickness depending on the type of house. We have perhaps been overimpressed by the Great Fire, and must place it in context - the Fire, destructive as it was, devasted about one third of the conurbation of London then standing. Within the are of devastation a new city of brick and occasionally stone appeared. So, it is also true that the Fire created the opportunity to build, in the central area, a city in a new form, which would quickly become the hub of the British Empire in the decades which followed. The creation of the Empire owes something to the Great Fire of 1666. **Video 2 : The Great Fire**

media type="youtube" key="NM8J3ynuxWQ" height="390" width="480" The Great Fire

=<span style="font-size: 1.4em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**<span style="font-size: 20px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">3.6 London Nowadays ** =

Today london is a mix of old and new. Places form the past sit side-by-side with brand new buildings. Almost 8 million people now live in London. There are more languaes spoken here than in any other city in the world. Parts of the ancient roman wall still stand. Trains carry millions of londoners around the city each day. Within the area of the devastation a new city of brick and occasionally stone appeared, but around it a larger area remained as it was before the fire for generations to come. The old London is now called The City and is were the rich people live because is the newest part of the city.



From left to right: Buckingham Palace, London Tower Bridge and Big Ben.

=<span style="font-size: 20px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;"> 3.7 Bibliography =


 * [|www.wikipedia.com]
 * [|www.google.com/images]
 * [|www.youtube.es]
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